Hooks are event-driven automation for Claude Code that execute shell commands or LLM prompts in response to tool usage, session events, and user interactions. This skill teaches you how to create, configure, and debug hooks for validating commands, automating workflows, injecting context, and implementing custom completion criteria.

Hooks provide programmatic control over Claude's behavior without modifying core code, enabling project-specific automation, safety checks, and workflow customization.

Hooks are shell commands or LLM-evaluated prompts that execute in response to Claude Code events. They operate within an event hierarchy: events (PreToolUse, PostToolUse, Stop, etc.) trigger matchers (tool patterns) which fire hooks (commands or prompts). Hooks can block actions, modify tool inputs, inject context, or simply observe and log Claude's operations. 1. Create hooks config file: - Project: `.claude/hooks.json` - User: `~/.claude/hooks.json` 2. Choose hook event (when it fires) 3. Choose hook type (command or prompt) 4. Configure matcher (which tools trigger it) 5. Test with `claude --debug` **Log all bash commands**:

.claude/hooks.json:

{
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Bash",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "jq -r '\"\\(.tool_input.command) - \\(.tool_input.description // \\\"No description\\\")\"' >> ~/.claude/bash-log.txt"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

This hook:

Fires before (PreToolUse) every Bash tool use
Executes a command (not an LLM prompt)
Logs command + description to a file

| Event | When it fires | Can block? | |-------|---------------|------------| | **PreToolUse** | Before tool execution | Yes | | **PostToolUse** | After tool execution | No | | **UserPromptSubmit** | User submits a prompt | Yes | | **Stop** | Claude attempts to stop | Yes | | **SubagentStop** | Subagent attempts to stop | Yes | | **SessionStart** | Session begins | No | | **SessionEnd** | Session ends | No | | **PreCompact** | Before context compaction | Yes | | **Notification** | Claude needs input | No |

Blocking hooks can return "decision": "block" to prevent the action. See references/hook-types.md for detailed use cases.

**Type**: Executes a shell command

Use when:

Simple validation (check file exists)
Logging (append to file)
External tools (formatters, linters)
Desktop notifications

Input: JSON via stdin Output: JSON via stdout (optional)

{
  "type": "command",
  "command": "/path/to/script.sh",
  "timeout": 30000
}

**Type**: LLM evaluates a prompt

Use when:

Complex decision logic
Natural language validation
Context-aware checks
Reasoning required

Input: Prompt with $ARGUMENTS placeholder Output: JSON with decision and reason

{
  "type": "prompt",
  "prompt": "Evaluate if this command is safe: $ARGUMENTS\n\nReturn JSON: {\"decision\": \"approve\" or \"block\", \"reason\": \"explanation\"}"
}

Matchers filter which tools trigger the hook:

{
  "matcher": "Bash",           // Exact match
  "matcher": "Write|Edit",     // Multiple tools (regex OR)
  "matcher": "mcp__.*",        // All MCP tools
  "matcher": "mcp__memory__.*" // Specific MCP server
}

No matcher: Hook fires for all tools

{
  "hooks": {
    "UserPromptSubmit": [
      {
        "hooks": [...]  // No matcher - fires on every user prompt
      }
    ]
  }
}

Hooks receive JSON via stdin with session info, current directory, and event-specific data. Blocking hooks can return JSON to approve/block actions or modify inputs.

Example output (blocking hooks):

{
  "decision": "approve" | "block",
  "reason": "Why this decision was made"
}

See references/input-output-schemas.md for complete schemas for each hook type.

Available in hook commands:

Variable	Value
`$CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR`	Project root directory
`${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}`	Plugin directory (plugin hooks only)
`$ARGUMENTS`	Hook input JSON (prompt hooks only)

Example:

{
  "command": "$CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR/.claude/hooks/validate.sh"
}

**Desktop notification when input needed**: ```json { "hooks": { "Notification": [ { "hooks": [ { "type": "command", "command": "osascript -e 'display notification \"Claude needs input\" with title \"Claude Code\"'" } ] } ] } } ```

Block destructive git commands:

{
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Bash",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "prompt",
            "prompt": "Check if this command is destructive: $ARGUMENTS\n\nBlock if it contains: 'git push --force', 'rm -rf', 'git reset --hard'\n\nReturn: {\"decision\": \"approve\" or \"block\", \"reason\": \"explanation\"}"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Auto-format code after edits:

{
  "hooks": {
    "PostToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Write|Edit",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "prettier --write $CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR",
            "timeout": 10000
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Add context at session start:

{
  "hooks": {
    "SessionStart": [
      {
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "echo '{\"hookSpecificOutput\": {\"hookEventName\": \"SessionStart\", \"additionalContext\": \"Current sprint: Sprint 23. Focus: User authentication\"}}'"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Always test hooks with the debug flag: ```bash claude --debug ```

This shows which hooks matched, command execution, and output. See references/troubleshooting.md for common issues and solutions.

**Hook types and events**: [references/hook-types.md](references/hook-types.md) - Complete list of hook events - When each event fires - Input/output schemas for each - Blocking vs non-blocking hooks

Command vs Prompt hooks: references/command-vs-prompt.md

Decision tree: which type to use
Command hook patterns and examples
Prompt hook patterns and examples
Performance considerations

Matchers and patterns: references/matchers.md

Regex patterns for tool matching
MCP tool matching patterns
Multiple tool matching
Debugging matcher issues

Input/Output schemas: references/input-output-schemas.md

Complete schema for each hook type
Field descriptions and types
Hook-specific output fields
Example JSON for each event

Working examples: references/examples.md

Desktop notifications
Command validation
Auto-formatting workflows
Logging and audit trails
Stop logic patterns
Session context injection

Troubleshooting: references/troubleshooting.md

Hooks not triggering
Command execution failures
Prompt hook issues
Permission problems
Timeout handling
Debug workflow

**Critical safety requirements**:

Infinite loop prevention: Check stop_hook_active flag in Stop hooks to prevent recursive triggering
Timeout configuration: Set reasonable timeouts (default: 60s) to prevent hanging
Permission validation: Ensure hook scripts have executable permissions (chmod +x)
Path safety: Use absolute paths with $CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR to avoid path injection
JSON validation: Validate hook config with jq before use to catch syntax errors
Selective blocking: Be conservative with blocking hooks to avoid workflow disruption

Testing protocol:

# Always test with debug flag first
claude --debug

# Validate JSON config
jq . .claude/hooks.json

A working hook configuration has:

Valid JSON in .claude/hooks.json (validated with jq)
Appropriate hook event selected for the use case
Correct matcher pattern that matches target tools
Command or prompt that executes without errors
Proper output schema (decision/reason for blocking hooks)
Tested with --debug flag showing expected behavior
No infinite loops in Stop hooks (checks stop_hook_active flag)
Reasonable timeout set (especially for external commands)
Executable permissions on script files if using file paths

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